866 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
866 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
# NestJS 与 PostgreSQL 集成方案
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## 一、兼容性说明
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### ✅ PostgreSQL 完全支持 NestJS
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**简短回答**：PostgreSQL 与 NestJS **完全兼容**，并且是 NestJS 官方推荐和广泛使用的数据库组合。
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### 1.1 官方支持
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NestJS 官方文档中明确支持 PostgreSQL，主要通过以下 ORM 库：
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1. **TypeORM** - NestJS 官方推荐，最常用
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2. **Prisma** - 现代化 ORM，类型安全
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3. **Sequelize** - 成熟的 ORM 库
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4. **Knex.js** - SQL 查询构建器
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5. **原生 pg 驱动** - 直接使用 PostgreSQL 驱动
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### 1.2 为什么选择 NestJS + PostgreSQL
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1. **完美兼容**：NestJS 的依赖注入和模块化架构与 PostgreSQL 配合良好
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2. **TypeScript 支持**：两者都原生支持 TypeScript，类型安全
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3. **生态成熟**：有丰富的库和工具支持
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4. **性能优秀**：PostgreSQL 性能强大，NestJS 框架高效
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5. **开发体验好**：代码生成、迁移工具完善
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---
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## 二、推荐方案对比
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### 2.1 TypeORM（最推荐）
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**优势：**
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- ✅ NestJS 官方文档示例主要使用 TypeORM
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- ✅ 装饰器语法，与 NestJS 风格一致
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- ✅ 支持数据库迁移（Migration）
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- ✅ 支持实体关系映射（ORM）
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- ✅ 支持事务管理
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- ✅ 支持查询构建器
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**适用场景：**
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- 需要完整的 ORM 功能
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- 团队熟悉装饰器语法
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- 需要数据库迁移管理
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### 2.2 Prisma（现代化选择）
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**优势：**
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- ✅ 类型安全，TypeScript 支持最好
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- ✅ 代码生成，自动生成类型定义
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- ✅ 迁移工具强大
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- ✅ 性能优秀
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- ✅ 开发体验极佳
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**适用场景：**
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- 重视类型安全
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- 需要快速开发
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- 团队喜欢现代化工具
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### 2.3 Sequelize（成熟稳定）
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**优势：**
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- ✅ 非常成熟，生态丰富
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- ✅ 文档完善
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- ✅ 支持多种数据库
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**劣势：**
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- ⚠️ TypeScript 支持不如 Prisma
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- ⚠️ 语法相对传统
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---
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## 三、TypeORM 集成方案（推荐）
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### 3.1 安装依赖
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```bash
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npm install @nestjs/typeorm typeorm pg
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npm install --save-dev @types/pg
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```
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### 3.2 项目结构
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```
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src/
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├── app.module.ts
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├── database/
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│ ├── database.module.ts
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│ └── database.config.ts
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├── users/
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│ ├── entities/
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│ │ └── user.entity.ts
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│ ├── users.module.ts
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│ ├── users.service.ts
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│ └── users.controller.ts
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├── accounts/
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│ ├── entities/
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│ │ └── account.entity.ts
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│ └── ...
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└── transactions/
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├── entities/
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│ └── transaction.entity.ts
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└── ...
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```
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### 3.3 配置数据库连接
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#### database/database.config.ts
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```typescript
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import { TypeOrmModuleOptions } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
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import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
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export const getDatabaseConfig = (
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configService: ConfigService,
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): TypeOrmModuleOptions => ({
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type: 'postgres',
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host: configService.get('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
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port: configService.get('DB_PORT', 5432),
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username: configService.get('DB_USERNAME', 'postgres'),
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password: configService.get('DB_PASSWORD', 'password'),
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database: configService.get('DB_NAME', 'vestmind'),
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entities: [__dirname + '/../**/*.entity{.ts,.js}'],
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synchronize: configService.get('NODE_ENV') !== 'production', // 生产环境设为 false
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logging: configService.get('NODE_ENV') === 'development',
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migrations: [__dirname + '/../migrations/**/*{.ts,.js}'],
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migrationsRun: false,
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ssl: configService.get('DB_SSL', false),
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});
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```
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#### database/database.module.ts
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```typescript
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import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
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import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
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import { ConfigModule, ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
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import { getDatabaseConfig } from './database.config';
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@Module({
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imports: [
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TypeOrmModule.forRootAsync({
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imports: [ConfigModule],
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useFactory: getDatabaseConfig,
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inject: [ConfigService],
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}),
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],
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})
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export class DatabaseModule {}
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```
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#### app.module.ts
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```typescript
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import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
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import { ConfigModule } from '@nestjs/config';
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import { DatabaseModule } from './database/database.module';
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import { UsersModule } from './users/users.module';
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import { AccountsModule } from './accounts/accounts.module';
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import { TransactionsModule } from './transactions/transactions.module';
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@Module({
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imports: [
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ConfigModule.forRoot({
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isGlobal: true,
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envFilePath: '.env',
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}),
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DatabaseModule,
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UsersModule,
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AccountsModule,
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TransactionsModule,
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],
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})
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export class AppModule {}
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```
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### 3.4 实体定义示例
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#### users/entities/user.entity.ts
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```typescript
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import {
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Entity,
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PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
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Column,
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CreateDateColumn,
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UpdateDateColumn,
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OneToMany,
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} from 'typeorm';
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import { Account } from '../../accounts/entities/account.entity';
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@Entity('users')
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export class User {
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@PrimaryGeneratedColumn('increment')
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id: number;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 50, unique: true })
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username: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 100, unique: true, nullable: true })
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email: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 20, unique: true, nullable: true })
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phone: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 255 })
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passwordHash: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 50, nullable: true })
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nickname: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 255, nullable: true })
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avatarUrl: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 20, default: 'active' })
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status: string;
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@CreateDateColumn()
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createdAt: Date;
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@UpdateDateColumn()
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updatedAt: Date;
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@Column({ type: 'timestamp', nullable: true })
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lastLoginAt: Date;
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// 关系
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@OneToMany(() => Account, (account) => account.user)
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accounts: Account[];
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}
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```
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#### accounts/entities/account.entity.ts
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```typescript
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import {
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Entity,
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PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
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Column,
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CreateDateColumn,
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UpdateDateColumn,
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ManyToOne,
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OneToMany,
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JoinColumn,
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} from 'typeorm';
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import { User } from '../../users/entities/user.entity';
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import { Position } from '../../positions/entities/position.entity';
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import { Transaction } from '../../transactions/entities/transaction.entity';
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@Entity('accounts')
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export class Account {
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@PrimaryGeneratedColumn('increment')
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id: number;
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@Column({ type: 'int' })
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userId: number;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 100 })
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name: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 20 })
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type: string; // stock, fund, cash, mixed
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 10, default: 'CNY' })
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currency: string;
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@Column({ type: 'text', nullable: true })
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description: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 20, default: 'active' })
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status: string;
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@CreateDateColumn()
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createdAt: Date;
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@UpdateDateColumn()
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updatedAt: Date;
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// 关系
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@ManyToOne(() => User, (user) => user.accounts)
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@JoinColumn({ name: 'userId' })
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user: User;
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@OneToMany(() => Position, (position) => position.account)
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positions: Position[];
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@OneToMany(() => Transaction, (transaction) => transaction.account)
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transactions: Transaction[];
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}
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```
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#### transactions/entities/transaction.entity.ts
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```typescript
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import {
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Entity,
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PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
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Column,
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CreateDateColumn,
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UpdateDateColumn,
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ManyToOne,
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JoinColumn,
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Index,
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} from 'typeorm';
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import { User } from '../../users/entities/user.entity';
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import { Account } from '../../accounts/entities/account.entity';
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import { Position } from '../../positions/entities/position.entity';
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import { TradingPlan } from '../../trading-plans/entities/trading-plan.entity';
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@Entity('transactions')
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@Index(['userId', 'date', 'createdAt'])
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@Index(['accountId'])
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@Index(['positionId'])
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export class Transaction {
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@PrimaryGeneratedColumn('increment')
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id: number;
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@Column({ type: 'int' })
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userId: number;
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@Column({ type: 'int' })
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accountId: number;
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@Column({ type: 'int', nullable: true })
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positionId: number;
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@Column({ type: 'int', nullable: true })
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tradingPlanId: number;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 20 })
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type: string; // buy, sell, dividend, split, bonus, rights, deposit, withdraw
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@Column({ type: 'date' })
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date: Date;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 20, nullable: true })
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symbol: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 100, nullable: true })
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name: string;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 20, nullable: true })
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market: string;
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@Column({ type: 'decimal', precision: 18, scale: 4, nullable: true })
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shares: number;
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@Column({ type: 'decimal', precision: 18, scale: 4, nullable: true })
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price: number;
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@Column({ type: 'decimal', precision: 18, scale: 2 })
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amount: number;
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@Column({ type: 'decimal', precision: 18, scale: 2, default: 0 })
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fee: number;
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@Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 10, default: 'CNY' })
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currency: string;
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@Column({ type: 'decimal', precision: 10, scale: 6, default: 1 })
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exchangeRate: number;
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@Column({ type: 'jsonb', nullable: true })
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metadata: Record<string, any>;
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@CreateDateColumn()
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createdAt: Date;
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@UpdateDateColumn()
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updatedAt: Date;
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// 关系
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@ManyToOne(() => User)
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@JoinColumn({ name: 'userId' })
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user: User;
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@ManyToOne(() => Account)
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@JoinColumn({ name: 'accountId' })
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account: Account;
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@ManyToOne(() => Position, { nullable: true })
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@JoinColumn({ name: 'positionId' })
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position: Position;
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@ManyToOne(() => TradingPlan, { nullable: true })
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@JoinColumn({ name: 'tradingPlanId' })
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tradingPlan: TradingPlan;
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}
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```
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### 3.5 Service 使用示例
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#### transactions/transactions.service.ts
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```typescript
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import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
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import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
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import { Repository, Between } from 'typeorm';
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import { Transaction } from './entities/transaction.entity';
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import { CreateTransactionDto } from './dto/create-transaction.dto';
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@Injectable()
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export class TransactionsService {
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constructor(
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@InjectRepository(Transaction)
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private transactionRepository: Repository<Transaction>,
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) {}
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async create(createTransactionDto: CreateTransactionDto): Promise<Transaction> {
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const transaction = this.transactionRepository.create(createTransactionDto);
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return await this.transactionRepository.save(transaction);
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}
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async findAll(userId: number, page: number = 1, limit: number = 20) {
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const [data, total] = await this.transactionRepository.findAndCount({
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where: { userId },
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relations: ['account', 'position', 'tradingPlan'],
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order: { date: 'DESC', createdAt: 'DESC' },
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skip: (page - 1) * limit,
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take: limit,
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});
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return {
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data,
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total,
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page,
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limit,
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totalPages: Math.ceil(total / limit),
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};
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}
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async findOne(id: number, userId: number): Promise<Transaction> {
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return await this.transactionRepository.findOne({
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where: { id, userId },
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relations: ['account', 'position', 'tradingPlan'],
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});
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}
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async findByDateRange(
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userId: number,
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startDate: Date,
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endDate: Date,
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): Promise<Transaction[]> {
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return await this.transactionRepository.find({
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where: {
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userId,
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date: Between(startDate, endDate),
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},
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order: { date: 'DESC' },
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});
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}
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async update(id: number, userId: number, updateData: Partial<Transaction>) {
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await this.transactionRepository.update({ id, userId }, updateData);
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return this.findOne(id, userId);
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}
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async remove(id: number, userId: number): Promise<void> {
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await this.transactionRepository.delete({ id, userId });
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}
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}
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```
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### 3.6 Module 配置
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#### transactions/transactions.module.ts
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```typescript
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import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
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import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
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import { TransactionsService } from './transactions.service';
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import { TransactionsController } from './transactions.controller';
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import { Transaction } from './entities/transaction.entity';
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@Module({
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imports: [TypeOrmModule.forFeature([Transaction])],
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controllers: [TransactionsController],
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providers: [TransactionsService],
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exports: [TransactionsService],
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})
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export class TransactionsModule {}
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```
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### 3.7 事务处理示例
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```typescript
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import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
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import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
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import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';
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import { Transaction } from './entities/transaction.entity';
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import { Position } from '../positions/entities/position.entity';
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import { CashAccount } from '../cash-accounts/entities/cash-account.entity';
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@Injectable()
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export class TradingService {
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constructor(
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private dataSource: DataSource,
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@InjectRepository(Transaction)
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private transactionRepository: Repository<Transaction>,
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) {}
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async buyStock(buyDto: CreateBuyDto) {
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const queryRunner = this.dataSource.createQueryRunner();
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await queryRunner.connect();
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await queryRunner.startTransaction();
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try {
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// 1. 创建交易记录
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const transaction = this.transactionRepository.create({
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...buyDto,
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type: 'buy',
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});
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await queryRunner.manager.save(transaction);
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// 2. 更新持仓
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const position = await queryRunner.manager.findOne(Position, {
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where: { accountId: buyDto.accountId, symbol: buyDto.symbol },
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});
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if (position) {
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// 更新现有持仓
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const newShares = position.shares + buyDto.shares;
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const newCostPrice =
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(position.shares * position.costPrice +
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buyDto.shares * buyDto.price +
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buyDto.fee) /
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newShares;
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position.shares = newShares;
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position.costPrice = newCostPrice;
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await queryRunner.manager.save(position);
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} else {
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// 创建新持仓
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const newPosition = queryRunner.manager.create(Position, {
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accountId: buyDto.accountId,
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symbol: buyDto.symbol,
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name: buyDto.name,
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market: buyDto.market,
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shares: buyDto.shares,
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costPrice: buyDto.price,
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currentPrice: buyDto.price,
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});
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await queryRunner.manager.save(newPosition);
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}
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// 3. 更新现金账户
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const cashAccount = await queryRunner.manager.findOne(CashAccount, {
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where: { accountId: buyDto.accountId },
|
||
});
|
||
cashAccount.balance -= buyDto.amount + buyDto.fee;
|
||
await queryRunner.manager.save(cashAccount);
|
||
|
||
await queryRunner.commitTransaction();
|
||
return transaction;
|
||
} catch (error) {
|
||
await queryRunner.rollbackTransaction();
|
||
throw error;
|
||
} finally {
|
||
await queryRunner.release();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 四、Prisma 集成方案（备选）
|
||
|
||
### 4.1 安装依赖
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
npm install @prisma/client
|
||
npm install -D prisma
|
||
npx prisma init
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 4.2 Prisma Schema 示例
|
||
|
||
#### prisma/schema.prisma
|
||
|
||
```prisma
|
||
generator client {
|
||
provider = "prisma-client-js"
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
datasource db {
|
||
provider = "postgresql"
|
||
url = env("DATABASE_URL")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
model User {
|
||
id BigInt @id @default(autoincrement())
|
||
username String @unique @db.VarChar(50)
|
||
email String? @unique @db.VarChar(100)
|
||
phone String? @unique @db.VarChar(20)
|
||
passwordHash String @db.VarChar(255)
|
||
nickname String? @db.VarChar(50)
|
||
avatarUrl String? @db.VarChar(255)
|
||
status String @default("active") @db.VarChar(20)
|
||
createdAt DateTime @default(now())
|
||
updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt
|
||
lastLoginAt DateTime?
|
||
|
||
accounts Account[]
|
||
transactions Transaction[]
|
||
|
||
@@map("users")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
model Account {
|
||
id BigInt @id @default(autoincrement())
|
||
userId BigInt
|
||
name String @db.VarChar(100)
|
||
type String @db.VarChar(20)
|
||
currency String @default("CNY") @db.VarChar(10)
|
||
description String?
|
||
status String @default("active") @db.VarChar(20)
|
||
createdAt DateTime @default(now())
|
||
updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt
|
||
|
||
user User @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
|
||
positions Position[]
|
||
transactions Transaction[]
|
||
|
||
@@map("accounts")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
model Transaction {
|
||
id BigInt @id @default(autoincrement())
|
||
userId BigInt
|
||
accountId BigInt
|
||
positionId BigInt?
|
||
tradingPlanId BigInt?
|
||
type String @db.VarChar(20)
|
||
date DateTime @db.Date
|
||
symbol String? @db.VarChar(20)
|
||
name String? @db.VarChar(100)
|
||
market String? @db.VarChar(20)
|
||
shares Decimal? @db.Decimal(18, 4)
|
||
price Decimal? @db.Decimal(18, 4)
|
||
amount Decimal @db.Decimal(18, 2)
|
||
fee Decimal @default(0) @db.Decimal(18, 2)
|
||
currency String @default("CNY") @db.VarChar(10)
|
||
exchangeRate Decimal @default(1) @db.Decimal(10, 6)
|
||
metadata Json?
|
||
createdAt DateTime @default(now())
|
||
updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt
|
||
|
||
user User @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
|
||
account Account @relation(fields: [accountId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
|
||
|
||
@@index([userId, date, createdAt])
|
||
@@index([accountId])
|
||
@@index([positionId])
|
||
@@map("transactions")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 4.3 Prisma Service
|
||
|
||
#### prisma/prisma.service.ts
|
||
|
||
```typescript
|
||
import { Injectable, OnModuleInit, OnModuleDestroy } from '@nestjs/common';
|
||
import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
|
||
|
||
@Injectable()
|
||
export class PrismaService
|
||
extends PrismaClient
|
||
implements OnModuleInit, OnModuleDestroy
|
||
{
|
||
async onModuleInit() {
|
||
await this.$connect();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
async onModuleDestroy() {
|
||
await this.$disconnect();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 五、环境配置
|
||
|
||
### 5.1 .env 文件
|
||
|
||
```env
|
||
# 数据库配置
|
||
DB_HOST=localhost
|
||
DB_PORT=5432
|
||
DB_USERNAME=postgres
|
||
DB_PASSWORD=your_password
|
||
DB_NAME=vestmind
|
||
DB_SSL=false
|
||
|
||
# 或者使用连接字符串（Prisma）
|
||
DATABASE_URL="postgresql://postgres:password@localhost:5432/vestmind?schema=public"
|
||
|
||
# 应用配置
|
||
NODE_ENV=development
|
||
PORT=3000
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.2 package.json 脚本
|
||
|
||
```json
|
||
{
|
||
"scripts": {
|
||
"start": "nest start",
|
||
"start:dev": "nest start --watch",
|
||
"start:prod": "node dist/main",
|
||
"typeorm": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs",
|
||
"migration:generate": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:generate",
|
||
"migration:run": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:run",
|
||
"migration:revert": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:revert",
|
||
"prisma:generate": "prisma generate",
|
||
"prisma:migrate": "prisma migrate dev",
|
||
"prisma:studio": "prisma studio"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 六、数据库迁移
|
||
|
||
### 6.1 TypeORM 迁移
|
||
|
||
#### 创建迁移
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
npm run typeorm migration:generate -- -n CreateUsersTable
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 迁移文件示例
|
||
|
||
```typescript
|
||
import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
|
||
|
||
export class CreateUsersTable1234567890 implements MigrationInterface {
|
||
public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
|
||
await queryRunner.query(`
|
||
CREATE TABLE users (
|
||
id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
|
||
username VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
|
||
email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE,
|
||
password_hash VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
|
||
created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
|
||
updated_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
|
||
);
|
||
`);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
|
||
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE users;`);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 6.2 Prisma 迁移
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 创建迁移
|
||
npx prisma migrate dev --name init
|
||
|
||
# 应用迁移
|
||
npx prisma migrate deploy
|
||
|
||
# 查看迁移状态
|
||
npx prisma migrate status
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 七、性能优化建议
|
||
|
||
### 7.1 连接池配置
|
||
|
||
```typescript
|
||
// TypeORM
|
||
{
|
||
type: 'postgres',
|
||
// ... 其他配置
|
||
extra: {
|
||
max: 20, // 最大连接数
|
||
min: 5, // 最小连接数
|
||
idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,
|
||
connectionTimeoutMillis: 2000,
|
||
},
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 7.2 查询优化
|
||
|
||
```typescript
|
||
// 使用 select 只查询需要的字段
|
||
const users = await userRepository.find({
|
||
select: ['id', 'username', 'email'],
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// 使用 relations 预加载关联数据
|
||
const transaction = await transactionRepository.findOne({
|
||
where: { id },
|
||
relations: ['account', 'position'],
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// 使用 QueryBuilder 进行复杂查询
|
||
const result = await transactionRepository
|
||
.createQueryBuilder('transaction')
|
||
.leftJoinAndSelect('transaction.account', 'account')
|
||
.where('transaction.userId = :userId', { userId })
|
||
.andWhere('transaction.date BETWEEN :start AND :end', { start, end })
|
||
.orderBy('transaction.date', 'DESC')
|
||
.getMany();
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 八、总结
|
||
|
||
### 8.1 推荐方案
|
||
|
||
**对于您的项目，推荐使用 TypeORM + PostgreSQL：**
|
||
|
||
1. ✅ NestJS 官方推荐，文档完善
|
||
2. ✅ 装饰器语法，与 NestJS 风格一致
|
||
3. ✅ 支持复杂的实体关系
|
||
4. ✅ 支持事务管理
|
||
5. ✅ 迁移工具完善
|
||
|
||
### 8.2 快速开始
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 1. 创建 NestJS 项目
|
||
npm i -g @nestjs/cli
|
||
nest new vest-mind-backend
|
||
|
||
# 2. 安装依赖
|
||
cd vest-mind-backend
|
||
npm install @nestjs/typeorm typeorm pg
|
||
npm install --save-dev @types/pg
|
||
|
||
# 3. 配置数据库连接
|
||
# 参考上面的 database.module.ts
|
||
|
||
# 4. 创建实体
|
||
nest g module users
|
||
nest g service users
|
||
nest g controller users
|
||
|
||
# 5. 运行项目
|
||
npm run start:dev
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 8.3 参考资料
|
||
|
||
- [NestJS 官方文档 - TypeORM](https://docs.nestjs.com/techniques/database)
|
||
- [TypeORM 官方文档](https://typeorm.io/)
|
||
- [PostgreSQL 官方文档](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/)
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
**文档版本**：v1.0
|
||
**创建日期**：2024年
|
||
|